{"id":2307,"date":"2026-10-14T04:08:02","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T04:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/?p=2307"},"modified":"2026-10-14T04:08:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T04:08:02","slug":"buran-ceska-republika-tajny-vesmirny-drahokam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/buran-ceska-republika-tajny-vesmirny-drahokam\/","title":{"rendered":"Buran \u010cesk\u00e1 republika tajn\u00fd vesm\u00edrn\u00fd drahokam"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Buran \u010cesk\u00e1 republika tajn\u00fd vesm\u00edrn\u00fd drahokam<\/h1>\n<nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Obsah\">\n<h2>Obsah<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#jak-se-sovetsky-raketoplan-dostal-do-ceske-republiky\">Jak se sov\u011btsk\u00fd raketopl\u00e1n dostal do \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#proc-je-tento-vesmirny-klenot-tak-opomijeny\">Pro\u010d je tento vesm\u00edrn\u00fd klenot tak opom\u00edjen\u00fd?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne vesm\u00edrn\u00fd program a studen\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s si automaticky vybav\u00ed americk\u00e9 raketopl\u00e1ny nebo rusk\u00e9 Sojuzy. M\u00e1lokdo v\u0161ak v\u00ed, \u017ee na sam\u00e9m srdci Evropy, ve st\u00ednu st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch hrad\u016f a uprost\u0159ed industri\u00e1ln\u00ed krajiny, existuje fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed spojen\u00ed s kosmick\u00fdmi ambicemi. \u0158e\u010d je o projektu <strong>Buran<\/strong> a jeho jedine\u010dn\u00e9 stop\u011b v <em>\u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/em>. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1s provede skryt\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem, kter\u00fd mnoz\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00ed za \u010distou sci-fi.<\/p>\n<p>Osobn\u011b jsem v\u017edycky \u017easl nad t\u00edm, jak se technologie z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch pater sv\u011btov\u00e9 politiky dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vetkat do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Buranu to plat\u00ed dvojn\u00e1sob. Nejde jen o maketu nebo muzejn\u00ed expon\u00e1t. Jde o skute\u010dn\u00fd kus kosmick\u00e9 historie, kter\u00fd unikl rozpadu sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria a na\u0161el sv\u016fj domov pr\u00e1v\u011b u n\u00e1s. Pokud se chcete pono\u0159it hloub\u011bji do fantastick\u00fdch detail\u016f tohoto programu, v\u0159ele doporu\u010duji nav\u0161t\u00edvit str\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/burancz1.cz\">https:\/\/burancz1.cz<\/a>, kde najdete nejen technick\u00e9 parametry, ale i dechberouc\u00ed fotografie.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"jak-se-sovetsky-raketoplan-dostal-do-ceske-republiky\">Jak se sov\u011btsk\u00fd raketopl\u00e1n dostal do \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v 80. letech, kdy Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz vyvinul vlastn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f na americk\u00fd Space Shuttle. Program <strong>Buran<\/strong> (v p\u0159ekladu &#8220;Sn\u011bhov\u00e1 bou\u0159e&#8221;) byl technologick\u00fdm skvostem. Prvn\u00ed a jedin\u00fd bezpilotn\u00ed let v roce 1988 byl dokonal\u00fd. Pak p\u0159i\u0161el rozpad SSSR a s n\u00edm konec financov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina stroj\u016f skon\u010dila ve \u0161rotu, v hang\u00e1rech nebo jako muzejn\u00ed kusy v Rusku. Jeden exempl\u00e1\u0159 v\u0161ak zam\u00ed\u0159il ne\u010dekan\u00fdm sm\u011brem \u2013 do <em>\u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Byla to unik\u00e1tn\u00ed <strong>zku\u0161ebn\u00ed maketa<\/strong> ve verzi OK\u2011TVA, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila k testov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f. Po slo\u017eit\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch a p\u0159eprav\u011b \u2013 kter\u00e1 sama o sob\u011b byla logistickou operac\u00ed hodnou filmu \u2013 skon\u010dila v are\u00e1lu Technick\u00e9ho muzea v Praze. Dnes je to jeden z nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch expon\u00e1t\u016f, i kdy\u017e o jeho existenci v\u00ed jen opravdov\u00ed nad\u0161enci.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"technicka-zazracnost-a-cesky-podil-na-kosmickem-programu\">Technick\u00e1 z\u00e1zra\u010dnost a \u010desk\u00fd pod\u00edl na kosmick\u00e9m programu<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00e1s p\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl sehr\u00e1l v programu Buran v\u00fdznamnou roli. Dod\u00e1vali jsme speci\u00e1ln\u00ed elektroniku, senzory a dokonce i \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9m\u016f pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letu. Byla to doba, kdy na\u0161e zem\u011b st\u00e1la na \u0161pici p\u0159esn\u00e9ho stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed. <em>Bez t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ce by cel\u00fd projekt mo\u017en\u00e1 nikdy nedos\u00e1hl takov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b dokonalosti.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 parametry, kter\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed z Buranu naprosto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd stroj. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho specifikace s americk\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161kem:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parametr<\/th>\n<th>Buran (SSSR)<\/th>\n<th>Space Shuttle (USA)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u00e9lka<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 36 metr\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Kolem 37 metr\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nosnost n\u00e1kladu<\/td>\n<td>A\u017e 30 tun<\/td>\n<td>A\u017e 29 tun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pohonn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/td>\n<td>Pln\u011b automatick\u00fd (bezpilotn\u00ed start i p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/td>\n<td>Pilotovan\u00fd s mo\u017enost\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hlavn\u00ed mise<\/td>\n<td>Vojensk\u00e1 i civiln\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b testov\u00e1n\u00ed robotiky<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b civiln\u00ed (vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed satelit\u016f, v\u011bdeck\u00e9 experimenty)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Jak vid\u00edte, Buran v mnoha ohledech p\u0159ekon\u00e1val americkou konkurenci. <strong>Autonomn\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> byl tehdy absolutn\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkou. Raketopl\u00e1n dosedl na p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed dr\u00e1hu s p\u0159esnost\u00ed na metry, ani\u017e by se ho dotkl lidsk\u00fd pilot. To je n\u011bco, co dodnes vzbuzuje obdiv.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"561\" height=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/E3HJtSfDX1o\" alt=\"Buran-Energia 1988 - Soviet Space Program\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"proc-je-tento-vesmirny-klenot-tak-opomijeny\">Pro\u010d je tento vesm\u00edrn\u00fd klenot tak opom\u00edjen\u00fd?<\/h2>\n<p>D\u016fvod\u016f je n\u011bkolik. Zaprv\u00e9, program nebyl nikdy dokon\u010den a z\u016fstal ve st\u00ednu komer\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mis\u00ed. Zadruh\u00e9, rusk\u00e1 kosmonautika se po rozpadu SSSR pot\u00fdkala s obrovsk\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. A zat\u0159et\u00ed, m\u00fdtus o &#8220;\u0161patn\u011b utracen\u00fdch pen\u011bz\u00edch&#8221; p\u0159ebil <em>skute\u010dn\u00fd technologick\u00fd pokrok<\/em>, kter\u00fd Buran p\u0159edstavoval.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud byste cht\u011bli pochopit, o jak sofistikovan\u00e9 d\u00edlo \u0161lo, v\u0161imn\u011bte si t\u011bchto z\u00e1sadn\u00edch aspekt\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tepeln\u00e1 ochrana:<\/strong> Buran pou\u017e\u00edval speci\u00e1ln\u00ed keramick\u00e9 dla\u017edice, kter\u00e9 odol\u00e1valy teplot\u00e1m p\u0159es 1500 \u00b0C p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu do atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00e1kladov\u00fd prostor:<\/strong> Byl navr\u017een tak, aby pojal a\u017e 30 tun n\u00e1kladu, v\u010detn\u011b cel\u00e9 laborato\u0159e nebo \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch stanic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m:<\/strong> Kombinace inerci\u00e1ln\u00ed a hv\u011bzdn\u00e9 navigace zaji\u0161\u0165ovala p\u0159esnost, kter\u00e1 dnes konkuruje modern\u00edm dron\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opakovan\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed:<\/strong> Stejn\u011b jako americk\u00fd Shuttle mohl Buran l\u00e9tat a\u017e 100kr\u00e1t, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010dinilo ekonomicky zaj\u00edmav\u00fd projekt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tento seznam je jen malou ochutn\u00e1vkou. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka byla v\u00fdsledkem let v\u00fdzkumu a pr\u00e1ce tis\u00edc\u016f in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch \u010desk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"faq-casto-kladene-otazky-o-buran-v-ceske-republice\">FAQ \u2013 \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Buran v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/h3>\n<p>R\u00e1d bych zde zodpov\u011bd\u011bl n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dotaz\u016f, kter\u00e9 mi lid\u00e9 pokl\u00e1daj\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 i vy jste zv\u011bdav\u00ed na podobn\u00e9 v\u011bci.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kde p\u0159esn\u011b v \u010cR m\u016f\u017eu maketu Buranu vid\u011bt?<\/strong><br \/>\nNejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejl\u00e9pe dochovan\u00fd exempl\u00e1\u0159 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Technick\u00e9m muzeu v Praze, v are\u00e1lu v Let\u0148anech. Bohu\u017eel nen\u00ed vystaven ka\u017ed\u00fd den, doporu\u010duji sledovat ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nky muzea.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Je pravda, \u017ee Buran l\u00e9tal jen jednou?<\/strong><br \/>\nAno, jeho jedin\u00fd orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed let se uskute\u010dnil 15. listopadu 1988. Byl zcela bez pos\u00e1dky a trval 3 hodiny a 25 minut. Stroj p\u0159ist\u00e1l s p\u0159esnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dodnes udivuje odborn\u00edky.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi Buranem a americk\u00fdm Shuttle?<\/strong><br \/>\nNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl tkv\u00ed v autonomii. Zat\u00edmco Shuttle pot\u0159eboval lidskou pos\u00e1dku, Buran byl navr\u017een pro pln\u011b automatick\u00fd provoz od startu a\u017e po p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 nem\u011bl vlastn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed motory \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edval je extern\u00ed nosn\u00e1 raketa Energija.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u016f\u017eu se dotknout makety nebo vstoupit dovnit\u0159?<\/strong><br \/>\nObvykle ne, proto\u017ee jde o velmi cenn\u00fd expon\u00e1t. Ob\u010das se po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed komentovan\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky, kde je p\u0159\u00edstup omezen\u011b mo\u017en\u00fd. V\u017edy se informujte p\u0159edem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pro\u010d se o Buranu tolik nemluv\u00ed?<\/strong><br \/>\nD\u016fvodem je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm konec studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a zm\u011bna politick\u00e9 situace. Program byl utajen\u00fd a po rozpadu SSSR se o n\u011bm p\u0159estalo mluvit. Dnes se na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed vrac\u00ed do pov\u011bdom\u00ed d\u00edky nad\u0161enc\u016fm a muze\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pl\u00e1nuje se n\u011bkdy obnova programu?<\/strong><br \/>\nNe, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Rusko investuje do modern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f, jako je Sojuz nebo raketa Angara. Buran z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 historickou kapitolou, i kdy\u017e jeho technologie \u017eije d\u00e1l v mnoha dne\u0161n\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00e1s tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o <em>tajn\u00e9m vesm\u00edrn\u00e9m drahokamu<\/em> v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice alespo\u0148 trochu nadchnul. Pokud budete m\u00edt n\u011bkdy mo\u017enost prohl\u00e9dnout si tuto technologickou perlu na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di, nev\u00e1hejte. Tento kus historie stoj\u00ed za to vid\u011bt zbl\u00edzka. A kdo v\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 se do\u010dk\u00e1me doby, kdy se podobn\u00e9 stroje op\u011bt vydaj\u00ed na cestu ke hv\u011bzd\u00e1m \u2013 tentokr\u00e1t u\u017e t\u0159eba i s \u010deskou vlajkou na palub\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Auto-generated post_excerpt<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-it-solutions"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2307"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2308,"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2307\/revisions\/2308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onek.ma\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}